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谷歌Gemma下载量破10亿次 AI深度探索癌症治疗新机制_我的网站

A |     Dozens of businesses, government offices, vehicles, and at least three police stations went up in flames in Freetown, Makeni, Kamakwie, and other cities across Sierra Leone from August 10 through 12, with over 113 people arrested and police introducing an emergency nationwide curfew and deploying tear gas and live ammunition to disperse crowds.,The curfew was lifted on August 13, with banks, businesses, government offices, and most stores reopened and communal services beginning to clear the damage. However, ramped-up security measures, including federal troop deployments to assist police, have been left in place.,What Happened?,Sierra Leone is one of the poorest nations in the world, ranking 186 out of 198 in a recent GDP purchasing power parity ranking. An estimated 80 percent of the population lives in poverty, many of them in the country’s rural areas. Like other nations in Africa, the country has faced special difficulties amid the global economic calamity brought on by COVID, and exacerbated by Western restrictions on Russian exports of agricultural goods and fertilizers amid the security crisis in Ukraine, which has caused a major jump in food prices.,AfricaAnti-Russia Sanctions Left Africa Without Access to Grain and Fertilisers, African Union Chief Says3 June, 11:13 GMT,As a net importer of both energy and food, Sierra Leone is especially vulnerable to global economic conditions, and along with food and fertilizers, fuel and electricity costs have also soared. Food prices alone have jumped by over 40 percent over the past few months, with a bag of rice once costing 350 leones now going for over 500. The country’s Central Bank recently removed three zeros from the national currency in a bid to restore confidence. The country has also been overcome by weeks of strikes by government workers, including doctors and teachers, and by small traders protesting poor conditions.,Coup Plot?,However, President Julius Maada Bio has also accused protesters of having ulterior motives beyond the cost of living crisis.,“This was not a protest against the high cost of living occasioned by the ongoing global economic crisis. The chant of the insurrectionists was for a violent overthrow of the democratically-elected government,” Bio said in an address on August 12 after returning to the country from a holiday in London.,Local media pointed to the chants of “Bio must go” among protesters as they gathered in the capital, and the president accused some of the demonstrators of consisting of “APC Warriors,” a reference to the opposition All People’s Congress party, which governed the country from 2007 until 2018, when Bio’s Sierra Leone People’s Party won national elections.,No doubt mindful of the violent civil war which shook the country between 1991 and 2002, claiming as many as 70,000 lives and displacing over 2.5 million people, Bio vowed that “in the coming weeks and months, [the] government will undertake necessary security actions meant to guarantee the peace and security of all citizens.”,“The security forces will, and must, act with great restraint and within their professional codes of service. But be assured that my government will crack down hard on violent insurrectionists, their collaborators, their sponsors and their supporters. My government will relentlessly fight those who would rather use terror and gruesome violence to achieve political goals,” the president said.,As a government, we will continue our engagement with Civil Society as we strive to promote sustainable peace, national cohesion and socio-economic development in Sierra Leone. #newdirectionagenda— President Julius Maada Bio (@PresidentBio) August 18, 2022,Bio did not elaborate on who these “sponsors” and “supporters” were, or whether they included any foreign actors.,Geopolitical Context,Like other African nations, Sierra Leone recently rejected calls by Washington and Brussels to show solidarity with the West and Ukraine and impose sanctions on Russia. But even before the escalation of the Ukraine crisis, relations between Freetown and Washington were tense at times. Last year, US President Joe Biden snubbed Bio by refusing to invite the African leader to the US’ so-called “Democracy Summit.” No reasons were given. However, neighboring Liberia, which faced mass civil unrest of its own between 2019 and 2020, and whose officials have been sanctioned by the US over suspected corruption, did get an invite.,While Sierra Leone maintains economic and political ties with its former British colonial masters, and remains a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, Freetown has sought to expand its partnerships with other geopolitical power centers, including Russia and China. President Bio attended the Russia-Africa Summit in Sochi in 2019, where he discussed ways to strengthen economic cooperation between the distant nations. In February 2021, Freetown signed onto Moscow’s efforts to prevent the deployment of weapons in outer space. In May 2021, Bio spoke by phone to President Xi Jinping of China, where they discussed the friendly, “brotherly” relations between the two nations, as well Chinese assistance to Freetown in measures against COVID, and agricultural and economic development.,In this context, the reactions of major foreign powers to this month’s unrest have been telling. While the United States, Britain, and the European Union collectively expressed “grave concern” over the “disturbing reports of violence” and urged the parties to “stay calm, promote accountability and ensure respect for human rights,” China’s Embassy smoothed over the protests altogether, refraining from wagging its finger at Freetown and instead trumpeting the expanding cooperation between the two countries.,We are gravely concerned by reports of violence surrounding today’s demonstrations in Sierra Leone. We urge all parties to stay calm, promote accountability, and ensure respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.— Bureau of African Affairs (@AsstSecStateAF) August 10, 2022,Similarly, while UK High Commissioner to Sierra Leone Lisa Chesney lectured President Bio about how “violence has no place in a democracy and the necessary investigation into August 10 can sit alongside de-escalation,” the Russian Embassy in the Republic of Guinea, which concurrently serves as the Embassy in Sierra Leone, only presented a bare bones report on the situation in the country, Bio’s meetings with community and tribal leaders, and indicated that an internal “debriefing” was being created “regarding the causes, course and consequences of the riots on August 10.”。    　　当地时间8月20日，谷歌宣布，其开源端侧模型家族Gemma的总下载量已突破10亿次。

B | 这款由谷歌DeepMind推出的开源大模型，自发布以来，全球开发者基于它衍生出超10万个定制变体，形成名为“Gemmaverse”的开源生态。
　　谷歌列举了多个Gemma家族应用场景：从太空本地图像分析、医疗报告标准数字化、癌症创新治疗方案再到动物语言识别，Gemma家族模型正实实在在地应用到各个垂直行业。　　其中，以Gemma为基座的模型在生物医药科研领域产出了多项标志性成果。

C | 谷歌一方面推出面向医疗场景的垂直模型MedGemma，支撑医疗报告结构化、医学影像辅助分析等应用；另一方面联合科研机构，依托Gemma底座攻坚癌症机制研究。

D | 　　其中最受行业关注的是谷歌DeepMind、谷歌研究院与耶鲁大学合作开发的Cell2Sentence-Scale 27B（C2S-Scale）模型。　　传统的癌症疫苗治疗思路，是让免疫系统通过识别身份标签来识别敌人。但这面临一个“瞄准困境”：一般来说，肿瘤的“身份标签”取自肿瘤本身,但很多肿瘤细胞表面缺少能被免疫T细胞识别的、独特的“身份标签”（即肿瘤特异性抗原），同时，它们还主动穿上“防护服”（如高表达PD-L1蛋白），成为所谓的“冷肿瘤”。结果就是，对于“冷肿瘤”，免疫系统即使大军压境，也像得了“脸盲症”，看不见敌人，或者看见了也被强行抑制，导致治疗无效。

E | 　　针对免疫治疗难以起效的“冷肿瘤”难题，C2S-Scale按活跃程度排序，将单细胞基因表达数据转化为类文本的“基因句子”，让大语言模型能直接“读”懂细胞。随后，该模型完成4000余种药物的虚拟筛选，预测出silmitasertib联合低剂量干扰素的用药组合。　　C2S-Scale锁定的候选药物中，仅10%-30%在过往文献中被提及，其余与筛选目标无已知关联。最终被选中的是silmitasertib（CX-4945），一种CK2激酶抑制剂。　　这一AI提出的全新治疗假说，后续在人源活细胞实验中得到验证，研究团队用模型训练时从未见过的人类神经内分泌细胞进行实验，结果是单独用药无效果，单用低剂量干扰素只有轻微提升，两者联用后抗原呈递提升约50%，证实联用方案可显著提升抗原呈递水平，属于少数AI产出全新癌症治疗机制并获得实验室验证的案例，有望提升肿瘤细胞抗原呈递能力，把冷肿瘤转化为对免疫治疗敏感的热肿瘤。　　该模型相关成果已对外开源，可供全球科研团队继续拓展研究。

F | 需要注意的是，该发现目前仅停留在体外细胞实验阶段，尚未进入临床。　　随着下载量冲高，Gemma证明开源大模型不再局限对话生成，能够直接介入原始生物数据挖掘，深度探索癌症治疗新机制，为AI医药科研提供低成本的技术底座。（文章来源：科创板日报）。

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